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Summary of 2021 MSPB Funded Projects
This document is a summary of MISSISSIPPI SOYBEAN PROMOTION BOARD 2021-2022 FUNDED RESEARCH/EXTENSION PROJECTS.
Temperature Effects on Soybean Emergence and Vegetative Development--MSSOY White Paper
Results from an MSPB-funded research project are summarized.
40-2020 McCoy Evaluating Nutrient Availability Following Cover Crops in Mississippi Soybean Production Systems
Numerous studies evaluating cover crops and their influence on soil nutrient availability have been carried out across the U.S. While these studies have touted greater nutrient availability following a cover crop, the actual agronomic value to the subsequent cash crop in a nutrient deficient situation is largely unknown. Similarly, knowledge of the effects of cover crops on P2O5 and K2O availability in Mississippi soybean production systems is lacking. Insufficient P or K availability in soils result in lower soybean yields than the achievable maximum. A previous large scale study conducted throughout Mississippi determined that soybean yields could be increased by an average of 8 to 10 bushels with the addition of P2O5 or K2O fertilizers when soil nutrient values were determined to be insufficient by the state soil testing lab. With this information available, no research has been conducted in Mississippi to determine how cover crops may affect the subsequent soybean crop when P or K may be limiting, and how these cover crop systems may interact with a fall P or K fertilizer regime.
34-2020 Peterson Identification of mycotoxins used in soybean root infection by Macrophomina phaseolina and other fungi, Final Report
The fungus Macrophomina phaseolina causes charcoal rot disease by infecting soybeans through root tips it locates in soil. M. phaseolina then releases a mycotoxin that kills dividing cells of the meristematic tissue near the root tip resulting in loss of the root cap and exposure of the plants vascular system to fungal hyphae. Most, but not all, times the mycotoxin is (-)-botryodiplodin. Better understanding of the types of mycotoxins used to facilitate root infection may allow the development of novel methods to prevent root infection of Mississippi soybeans by M. phaseolina and other fungi that use this infection mechanism. Adding freshly-prepared biochar as a soil amendment to bind mycotoxins in the root zone is an example of novel root-protecting strategies under consideration.
33-2020 Developing Improved Soybean Lines for Seed Composition, Quality, and Heat Tolerance in Mississippi Annual Report
This research will provide seed compositional and quality phenotypes for the future identification of genes associated with seed protein, oil, fatty acids, sugars, and minerals and will identify breeding lines with both heat-tolerance and high seed compositional qualities for release. These heat-tolerant breeding lines will be used by public and private breeders to develop improved cultivars which, when adopted by Mississippi producers, will be a valuable seed quality component, enabling producers to more effectively compete nationally and internationally in soybean markets.
32-2020 Bellaloui Effects of Harvest Aids on Seed Composition and Seed Damage in Soybean Grown in Mississippi Final Report
The transition to the use of the Early Soybean Production System in the Midsouth resulted in higher seed yields. However, with the shift towards the use of early-maturing soybean cultivars in the mid-South, the incidence of green stems, green pods, green leaf retention, and late-season weed infestation increased, thereby complicating harvest, reducing seed quality, and penalizing producers for increased seed moisture, foreign material and damaged seed at the elevator. Therefore, the use of harvest aids to defoliate green tissues in order to achieve uniformly dry plants at harvest, improve harvest efficiency, reduce elevator discounts and increase net returns is critical. Although several studies have been conducted on the effects of harvest aid application on yield, there is very limited information available on the effects of harvest aid on seed composition, mineral nutrition, and seed damage in soybean.
29-2020 Delta Agricultural Weather Annual Report
Weather data is used for research to indicate the amount of rainfall the crop receives throughout the growing season. This info is beneficial in making management decisions, such as when to schedule irrigations to supplement the lack of rainfall the crop might need in order to achieve maximum yields. Also, it can be helpful in justifying harvest dates that might be later than the norm, due to heavy rains late in the season that might have delayed harvest. Also, at a location that has both irrigated and non-irrigated tests, this rainfall data is important to show the crops yield potential when compared to one that was only rain-fed vs. rainfall in addition to supplemental irrigations.
28-2020 Southern Ag Evaluating New Production Inputs that will contribute to High Yield Soybeans
Much of the current research focuses on specific factors within a cropping system. Many growers have achieved higher than average yields through intensive management. However, many feel they have reached a “glass ceiling” with regards to yield and profit. While there are many acres that can still be improved; it is those that have hit a “glass ceiling” that ask questions regarding how do we break through this barrier. Through observation and discussion with growers, there are a myriad of factors that limit yield. Oftentimes, these factors are things that cannot be adjusted mid-season such as drainage. With that being said, growers in some high yield environments want to increase profitability through different mid-season management strategies.
25-2020 Musser Using Drones to Sample Insects in Soybeans
Scouting large soybean fields is a time-consuming task. When beans are drilled or when beans get tall and lodge, walking through a soybean field can become virtually impossible. As a result, large soybean fields seldom get sampled properly, with many decisions made based on conditions found on the portion of the field near the access point. Since many insects have a clumped distribution, the density near the access point may not accurately reflect the pest pressure in the entire field, resulting in less-than-optimal insect management.