217 – 225 of 737 Results
78-2019 Characterization of the soybean taproot decline pathogen Xylaria sp.; a new disease and pathogen in Mississippi soybean production fields
A mystery disease of soybean gained attention by growers and consultants in the late 2000s. Interest among Mississippi State University Plant Pathologists soon followed. What we discovered was an emerging soybean disease caused by an undescribed fungus. The symptoms of the disease consisted of foliar chlorosis and interveinal necrosis, like many documented root diseases. As a result, we believe the disease was prevalent in MS soybean production but may have been mis-diagnosed in the field. The symptom unique to this disease is the brittle taproot, which results in the plant breaking at the soil line.
60-2019 Characterization of Antifungal Activity of Endophytic Bacteria Associated with Soybean Charcoal Rot Disease System Annual Report
Soybean yield reduction due to Charcoal rot disease caused by the fungus Macrophomina phaseolina in the United States was 20.8 million bushels in 2015. The disease accounts for an estimated loss of 1.48% of soybean yield in Southern states. This disease is particularly problematic due to the lack of fungicides capable of providing effective disease control and lack of genetic resistance in cultivars. Endophytic bacteria occur in all plants and we have demonstrated some differences in endophyte communities of diseased and asymptomatic plants growing adjacent to one another in disease patches of soybean fields.
31-2018 Evaluation of Soybean Breeding Lines for Resistance to Phomopsis Seed Decay and For High Seed Germinability Final Report
Phomopsis seed decay (PSD) of soybean is a major cause of poor seed quality in most soybean production areas, especially in the mid-southern region of the United States. PSD is caused by the seed-borne fungal pathogen Phomopsis longicolla (syn. Diaporthe longicolla). Breeding for PSD-resistance is the most cost-effective long-term strategy to control this disease. In recent years, new sources of resistance to PSD have been identified (Li et al., 2011, 2015). Lines with high germinability have also been identified (Smith et al., 2008). Crosses were made between these new sources, resulting in the development of multiple heterogeneous breeding lines with the potential for having both high germinability and resistance to PSD.
52-2019 Cover Crop and Tillage Effects on Irrigation Application Efficiency, Runoff Volume, Transport, Soybean Grain Yield and Net Returns, Final Report
This research was conducted to determine whether the efficiency of furrow-irrigation systems could be manipulated through conservation tillage systems while maintaining soybean productivity and profitability.
14-2019 Determination of organisms affecting soybean seed quality and fungicide efficacy in reducing associated losses
Soybean growers in the mid-southern U.S. have suffered economic losses from reduced quality of harvested soybean seed. Phomopsis/ Diaporthe complex are one of the most important seed borne diseases affecting the quality of seed. Symptoms of this disease include shriveled, elongated seed which appear chalky and have reduce seed germination and emergence. Seed will also have reduced oil content and viability which will incur potential docking at the grain elevator. Seed infection is more severe when harvest is delayed and environmental conditions continue to be warm and humid during late season and harvest.
18-2019 2,4 D and Dicamba Resistant Soybeans: Stewardship and Testing Final Report
Increased use of 2,4-D in row crop production may lead to increased cases of damage to susceptible cotton and soybeans following off-target movement (OTM) of 2,4-D. Research was conducted in 2017 and 2018 in Starkville, MS to develop a method using chemometrics and spectroscopy to produce classification models capable of identifying specific 2,4-D formulations present in damaged crop tissue. 2,4-D acid (ACID), dimethylamine salt (DMA), choline salt (CHOLINE), and isooctyl ester (ESTER) were applied to susceptible cotton and soybeans at 33, 17, 8, 4, 2, and 1 g 2,4-D ae ha-1, and samples were analyzed via infrared spectroscopy to generate spectra which were then analyzed by principal component analysis (PCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA).
06-2019 Turner Effect of Purple Seed Stain on Seed Quality and Composition in Soybean Research and Reports
Purple seed stain disease, caused by (Cercospora kukuchii), is a major concern in soybean (Glycine max (L.)) in Mississippi, USA, due to its effects on seed quality, reducing soybean seed grade and potential market price at elevators. Therefore, investigating the effects of purple seed stain (PSS) on seed quality (germination and vigor) and seed composition (nutrition) is critical.
34-2019 Petterson Identification of Mycotoxins Used in Soybean Root Infection by Macrophomina Phaseolina and Other Fungi Annual Report
The objective of the proposed research is to better understand the range of mycotoxin types used by isolates of M. phaseolina and other pathogenic fungi from soybean plants to facilitate root infection. Potential remediation strategies, including biochar binding of the mycotoxins in soil around root tips, will be explored.
Pest Severity Training Tool for Estimating Insect and Disease Damage to Soybean Leaves
A tool devised by the Crop Protection Network can be used by crop scouts, researchers, and producers to properly estimate the amount of leaf damage caused by disease and insect pests of soybeans.