55 – 63 of 736 Results
21-2023 Bhandari Assessing Micronutrients Application for Efficient Soybean Production in the Mississippi Annual Report
In recent years, the increase in soybean (Glycine max L.) cultivation due to higher soybean grain sale prices has increased interest in maximizing yield with high-input crop management strategies, including micronutrient application (Orlowski et al., 2016; Gasper et al., 2018). Micronutrients are essential to plants, and their deficiency may limit critical plant functions, resulting in reduced yield and quality (Orlowski et al., 2016). Moreover, high-yielding modern soybean cultivars may require more nutrients, especially in high-yield environments (Thapa et al., 2021). Therefore, it is crucial to use optimum nutrient management to maximize yield by protecting soil health, improving net farm profitability, and minimizing negative environmental impacts.
61-2023 Sabanadzovic Universal detection and identification of soybean-associated viruses Annual Report
Several new and/or emerging viruses have been recently reported in different crops in the USA (stone fruits, grapevines, cotton, etc.) because of introduction (importation) of exotic viruses, or “spill-over” from non-cultivated plants to agricultural fields. These new emerging viruses represent significant threat for agriculture and require specific control measures as they are spread by insect vectors. Unlike fungal pathogens or insects, there is no chemical control against viruses. Accordingly, efficient control strategies in case of viruses rely on prevention and/or an early detection/identification. Delayed awareness about virus infections often results in serious economic damages (yield losses) and high costs associated with their managing. During each of the past several years our lab received several symptomatic soybean samples from MSU extension experts or consultants/farmers which resulted negative when tested with traditional methods for common soybean viruses, therefore suggesting that unexpected (new) viruses may be present in those plants. Therefore, we propose to carry out surveillance activities aimed at: i) an early identification of any viruses (known and unknown) associated with soybean production by combining and applying highly sensitive and unbiased new technologies and approaches; ii) design and development of virus-specific diagnostics for all viruses identified in this work.
32-2023 Ahn Development of molecular diagnostic method for the diamide resistance in soybean looper Annual Report
The soybean looper (Chrysodeixis includens) is one of the most serious pests in soybeans, migrating from southern latitudes up through Mississippi typically in August and September and consuming massive amounts of foliage in soybean. Since the introduction of the diamide insecticides such as chlorantraniliprole, the soybean looper has been well managed without any resistance issues. Diamides belong to a class of insecticides that target ryanodine receptors (RyR), the intracellular calcium channels that play an important role in muscle and nerve functions. However, soybean loopers have a long history of resistance to other insecticides such as pyrethroids, carbamates, and organophosphates. Therefore, diamide resistance in soybean looper is expected to develop, and growers should be prepared to manage loopers without diamides in the future. Resistance to diamides has already been reported in some lepidopteran pests, including diamondback moth, tomato leaf miner, rice stem borer and beet armyworm from different regions in the world.
53-2023 Popescu CHARACTERIZE ROOT MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES WITH ANTI-FUNGAL ACTIVITIES IN SOYBEAN annual report
Plant roots associate with a microbial community that is distinct from the microbes present in surrounding soil. The microbes colonize the rhizosphere (immediately surrounding the plant's roots) and the superficial root tissues (endophytic compartment). The root microbiota comprises a wide diversity of microorganisms, and it can benefit plant health or have detrimental effects; shifting this balance towards beneficial plant-microbiota interactions is of high agronomic interest. Microbes may provide the plant with nutrients that accelerate plant growth and development, suppress soil pathogens, or help plants withstand environmental stress. The advantages of exploiting microbiota are evident and include consumers' and farmers' safety and sustainable practices that preserve the environment and protect biodiversity.
49-2023 Musser Sampling Soybean Insects using DINSS Annual Report
Insect scouting in soybean is needed throughout the season, but it is a time-consuming task, and when beans are tall, soils are wet, or beans are planted in narrow rows, walking through these fields can be nearly impossible. The development of inexpensive unmanned aerial vehicles (drones) presents an opportunity for scouting insects under all conditions more rapidly than currently done. Research initiated during 2019 led to a 12” diameter sweep net hung below a drone on a spring-loaded arm as our selected sampling tool which we have called the Drone Insect Net Sampling System (DINSS). Based on our experiences, we believe that some modifications of the tool may increase the insect catch rate without sacrificing drone stability. If so, these modifications should reduce the number of samples required to make a management decision, thereby improving the efficiency of DINSS. Previous comparisons of DINSS to manual sweep net sampling methods showed that DINSS captured fewer insects per sample than manually making 25 sweeps, but there were strong correlations among sampling methods for all four groups of pests monitored (threecornered alfalfa hopper, kudzu bug, Lepidoptera larvae, and stink bugs).
03-2023 Bryant Soybean Response to Biological Products Annual Report
Modern biologicals and biostimulants are purported to increase nutrient availability in the soil, nutrient uptake by plants, root growth and development, and yield while reducing biotic and abiotic stressors. While several of the individual components of these products have proven beneficial there is very limited data regarding the current formulations. At an average application cost of approximately $8/acre there is not much room in today’s budgets for Mississippi soybean producers to do their own testing on farm. Therefore, we submit this project as a means of aiding Mississippi soybean growers in selecting biological and biostimulant products that will bring a realized agronomic and economic benefit to their farms.
02-2022 Bryant Fertility and Agronomic Resource Management for Soybean Final Report
Near record high fertilizer prices has placed increased strain on already small profit margins. For this reason, up to date non-biased research data is necessary to ensure that all soil fertility management decisions are creating not only maximum yield but profitability as well. An example of this would be ensuring the any yield increases associated with micronutrient applications are similarly increasing net returns. Many growers in Mississippi also face K deficiency on a regular basis. As K is mobile in plant tissue and early detection is critical, we must ensure that tissue samples are being collected from the correct location in the plant canopy. Due to the relatively flat landscape of the Delta region of Mississippi, flooding is a problem that many soybean growers must deal with on a fairly regular basis. After flooding events growers are looking for ways to accelerate soybean recovery. With this, many growers will make a foliar application of N with the belief that it supplements what has been lost from root inactivity and hastens recovery time. It is also crucial that research personnel continually collect production field level data to stay abreast of ever-changing soil conditions and be able to proactively prepare for possible issues.
02-2023 Bryant Fertility and Agronomic Resource Management Extension and Research for soybean (FARMERs) Annual Report02-2023 Bryant
Near record high fertilizer prices has placed increased strain on already small profit margins. For this reason, up to date non-biased research data is necessary to ensure that all soil fertility management decisions are creating not only maximum yield but profitability as well. An example of this would be ensuring the any yield increases associated with micronutrient applications are similarly increasing net returns. Many growers in Mississippi also face K deficiency on a regular basis. As K is mobile in plant tissue and early detection is critical, we must ensure that tissue samples are being collected from the correct location in the plant canopy. Due to relatively flat landscape of the Delta region of Mississippi, flooding is a problem that many soybean growers must deal with on a fairly regular basis. After flooding events growers are looking for ways to accelerate soybean recovery. With this, many growers will make a foliar application of N with the belief that it supplements what has been lost from root inactivity and hastens recovery time. It is also crucial that research personnel continually collect production field level data to stay abreast of ever-changing soil conditions and be able to proactively prepare for possible issues.
13-2023 Gholson Row Crop Irrigation Science Extension and Research (RISER) Program Annual Report
Declining aquifer levels, coupled with impending well monitoring, serve as a catalyst to improve water use efficiency. The RISER program has identified several technologies and management practices that have the potential to eliminate the 300,000 ac-ft/yr overdraft on the Mississippi Alluvial Aquifer while ensuring that producers stay within permitted irrigation limits. However, the adoption of Best Management Practices (BMPs) by producers in the Mississippi Delta is minimal. The RISER (Row Crop Irrigation Science Extension and Research) Program can serve as the primary means to facilitate widespread adoption of the latest irrigation management research findings across the Mississippi Delta. The goal of the project is to evaluate, demonstrate, and transfer innovative and proven technologies that can result in water conservation by conducting coordinated extension activities throughout the Mississippi Delta.